UPE can be considered a new type of biological signal, i.e., a photonic biosignal. It is generally accepted that the UPE from biological samples arises from excited electron species formed during the oxidative metabolism and oxidative stress processes . There is also an alternative hypothesis about the origin of UPE which refers to the DNA-based generation of UPE . However, unambiguous experimental evidence for this alternative hypothesis is missing. While most scientists believe that the UPE is a byproduct of cellular metabolism, there are several scientists who propose that UPE may possibly play a regulatory role in biological systems.

*Workshop Program*